Description: Segment 1 Dr McCready introduces the subject of the lecture, then shows tables and diagrams comparing three atraumatic methods of tumour diagnosis - radio isotope techniques, computerised axial tomography using x-rays and ultrasound. He describes the pros and cons of each of these methods. Time start: 00:00:00:00 Time end: 00:05:06:00 Length: 00:05:06:00 Segment 2 McCready demonstrates an ultrasound transducer. He describes, in detail, how it works to translate sound waves into images and refers to diagrams and readings to show how the waves perceive changes in tissue density. He highlights the difference between A- and B-mode presentations. A short film is shown in which a doctor performs an ultrasound scan of a man's skull - a useful technique for detecting head injuries. Finally, we are shown the difference between an ordinary and a grey scale reading of a liver via ultrasonography. Time start: 00:05:06:00 Time end: 00:11:08:00 Length: 00:06:02:00 Segment 3 A film is shown of an ultrasound scan taking place - preparation of the patient's abdomen with gel, the correct movement of the transducer and how the doctor reads the A-scan presentations. McCready then focuses on scanning the liver. He refers to various diagrams and scans and describes the process of scanning and gives advice on how to read the ultrasound pictures to make a correct diagnosis. Time start: 00:11:08:00 Time end: 00:15:41:00 Length: 00:04:33:00 Segment 4 McCready continues to discuss ultrasound scans of the liver, focusing on a case of liver neoplasms secondary to a primary breast cancer. He then shows ultrasound scans of other major organs, including the gallbladder, the kidneys and the abdomen. In each case he describes the sort of abnormality a doctor might look for and how he would read the ultrasound picture to find such abnormalities. McCready hands over to Dr David Cosgrove. Time start: 00:15:41:00 Time end: 00:19:43:00 Length: 00:04:02:00 Segment 6 Cosgrove continues with the same case study and shows how ultrasound scans led to a diagnosis of a pancreatic tumour. We see the series of scans and Cosgrove explains each one in detail. Following these studies a laparotomy was performed, confirming the diagnosis. Cosgrove is enthusiastic about the future advances of ultrasound as he feels it is still in its early state of development. He hands over to David Nicholas. Time start: 00:25:28:00 Time end: 00:28:44:00 Length: 00:02:56:00. Segment 7 Nicholas describes what is known about how ultrasonic sound waves function. He shows an animated diagram of the diffraction pattern of ultrasound waves and a film of laboratory work analysing ultrasound echoes from liver tissue. We see graphs comparing diffraction patterns of different organ tissues and a short film demonstrating a hybrid ultrasonic scanner which permits the investigation of specific tissue volumes from varying directions. Nicholas hands back to McCready who sums up the presentation with a look at the future of ultrasound - who knows? one day we might even make ourselves redundant! Time start: 00:28:44:00 Time end: 00:33:41:16 Length: 00:04:57:16